Can Your Skin Absorb Iodine

Iodine Report #20

The Bioavailability of Iodine Applied to the Skin

by Guy E. Abraham, MD

I have oftentimes been asked a couple questions:

1) Is the application of iodine to the skin an acceptable way to supplement iodine?

2) Are there whatever data confirming the validity of the iodine pare patch test to assess body sufficiency for iodine?

The iodine skin patch test consists of applying iodine solution to a small area of the arm, leg, or abdomen. The faster the yellow color of iodine disappears from the pare, the more iodine deficient the person tested; and vise versa, if the xanthous color lingers, the more than sufficient in iodine the person tested. Over 100 years ago, the application of iodine to the skin was used extensively for iodine supplementation. In 1932, Nyiri and Jannitti¹ from the Rutgers University College of Pharmacy wrote: "Iodine is being used extensively as a condom and therapeutic amanuensis by application to the outer integument, (for the reader's information, that is the skin) and has maintained its place in medicine for many decades. Its apply by external application is just on an empirical basis; very picayune proof of its efficacy has been obtained by experimental piece of work. The main question equally to whether or non iodine passes through the unbroken homo and animal skin has non been conclusively answered."

In order to assess the bioavailability of iodine practical to the skin, these investigators used 44 rabbits and half dozen dogs, just no human subject. "Although the question of iodine penetration has been studied extensively specially during the second half of the last century, no satisfactory decision has been reached because the techniques of the various experiments were not fully reliable. Considering the increasing biological significance of the outer integument (Klose (30), Unna (31), Vollmer (32), Urbach (33) and the widespread medicinal use of iodine on the pare, nosotros made a series of experiments near the fate of iodine practical to the skin; thereby studying the possibility of penetration of free iodine, its fate in the body, its elimination, and its weather condition of evaporation for the surface. We carried out the experiments on half dozen dogs and fortyfour rabbits."

To summarize the results of their experiments

Free iodine penetrates through the unbroken skin.
Approximately 88% of the iodine evaporates from the skin inside three days.
Colloidal iodine evaporates somewhat more than chop-chop than tincture of iodine; Lugol'south solution is more than stable than either of them.
The influence of ambience temperature on the evaporation of iodine is meaning. Within the first minute, the losses of iodine past evaporation are 10-15% at 9° C; xviii-25% at 24° C; and 35% at 37° C.
The remaining iodine on the skin following evaporation of 88% of the total iodine, approximately 12%, penetrates through the skin. The bioavailability of the remaining 12% of the pare iodine is very gradual.
The fate of iodine in all in a higher place experiments is the aforementioned whether iodine is applied to the peel in the class of an alcoholic solution or in colloidal suspension. (For the reader'south information, the alcoholic solution is tincture of iodine and the colloidal suspension is a saturated aqueous solution of diatomic iodine, I₂).

The authors ended:¹ "Our quantitative determinations bear witness that iodine which penetrates through the skin is removed only slowly from within this area into the body, thus forming an iodine depot in the skin for several days. In this prolonged retention of iodine inside the skin, nosotros see a favorable condition for a possible local prophylactic and therapeutic action."

The to a higher place conclusions apply to rabbits and dogs, just non to human subjects. The best study of the bioavailability of iodine applied to the skin in normal human subjects was reported by Miller, et al, in 1989.² The purpose of Miller'southward study was to assess the effectiveness of skin application of iodine in blocking radioiodide uptake past the thyroid gland. The subjects used in this written report were 24 adult male person volunteers aged from 21 to 51 years. These subjects were divided into 4 groups of six subjects each. One group served as control and did not receive stable iodine. The other subjects in the remaining three groups received respectively 130 mg KI orally equivalent to approximately 100 mg iodide; 80 mg iodine (tincture) on the skin; and 160 mg iodine on the skin. All 24 subjects ingested 131I labeled NaI and radioiodide thyroid uptake was measured at ii hours, 6 hours, and 24 hours post-ingestion of radioactive iodide. Serum inorganic iodide levels were measured at time null, two hours, 6 hours and 24 hours postal service intervention. Twenty-four-hour radioiodide uptake by the thyroid gland equally percent of dose administered was used to appraise the effectiveness of iodine in blocking radioiodide uptake by the thyroid. The 24-hr pct radioiodide uptake by the thyroid gland were:

Control: 10.9 ± 2.9% (SD)
Oral KI: 0.34 ± 0.26%
Skin eighty mg iodine: seven.0 ± 5.5%
Pare 160 mg iodine: two.0 ± 2.5%

Prior to administration of stable iodine, the mean serum iodide in the three intervention groups were 0.024 mg/L, 0.033 mg/L, and 0.02 mg/L. The mean of the three mean values is 0.026 mg/50.

Under steady country conditions, the computed daily intake of iodine based on serum iodide is equal to the production of serum iodide times 43.5 L/twenty-four hours, which is the renal clearance of iodide.^three The estimated average daily intake of iodine past this group of men is 0.026 mg/L × 43.5 L/day = 1.13 mg/day. This daily intake may be due to the iodization of staff of life in the 1960s and 1970s and in some states in the 1980s. The estimated daily intake of iodine during that time in the US was 1 mg.⁴ This computed daily intake in Miller's subjects is in agreement with the mean percent radioiodide uptake by the thyroid gland in this group of subjects with a mean of 10.9. By interpolation on Figure 2 of Reference 5, x.9% uptake corresponds to an boilerplate intake of approximately 1.five mg iodine (Run into Figure 1).

The two questions mentioned previously can at present be answered.

To reply the outset question, nosotros will apply the data in the six subjects who were exposed to 160 mg iodine via cutaneous application, because the mean serum iodide levels were relatively constant over the 24-hour flow: 0.27 mg/L at 2 hours; 0.ii mg/L at vi hours; and 0.24 mg/L at 24 hours post-intervention. The hateful value of the three means is 0.24 mg/L iodide. The average amount of iodine bioavailable in these vi subjects would be the product of the serum iodide levels by the renal clearance of iodide — 0.24 mg iodide/L × 43.5 L/mean solar day = 10.4 mg. The percent of bioavailable iodine from 160 mg applied to the skin is six.v% (10.4 x 100/160). If the information reported by Nyiri and Jannitti1 in dogs tin be extrapolated to humans, (that is 12% of the applied iodine was available for utilization past the body), then some 50% of the remaining peel depot of iodine was available during the starting time 24 hours following peel exposure to iodine. One can conclude that skin application of iodine is an effective, if not efficient and applied, way for supplementation of iodine with an expected bioavailability of 6-12% of the total iodine applied to the peel. The serum iodide levels were 10 times higher at 2 hours post-intervention with oral ingestion of 100 mg iodide than with 160 mg iodine applied to the skin (Figure 2).

To answer the second question, the pare iodine patch test is not a reliable method to appraise whole body sufficiency for iodine. Many factors play a part in the disappearance of the yellow color of iodine from the surface of the skin. For case, if iodine is reduced to iodide by the pare, the yellow color of iodine will disappear considering iodide is white. In guild to regenerate iodine on the skin, i needs to apply an oxidant such every bit hydrogen peroxide, complicating the exam further. The evaporation of iodine from the skin increases with increased ambience temperatures and decreased atmospheric pressure. For example, the xanthous colour of iodine will disappear much faster in Denver, Colorado at 5,000 feet in a higher place ocean level than in Los Angeles, California at sea level, irrespective of the amount of bioavailable iodine. The iodine/iodide loading test4 is much more than accurate, and information technology is at present available from three laboratories participating in the proficiency testing of Optimox Corporation: FFP Laboratories in Hendersonville, North Carolina; Hakala Inquiry in Lakewood, Colorado; and Labrix Clinical Services Inc. in Oregon Urban center, Oregon.

Almost the Writer

Guy E. Abraham, Doc, is a sometime Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Endocrinology at the UCLA School of Medicine. Some 35 years ago, he pioneered the evolution of assays to measure minute quantities of steroid hormones in biological fluids. He has been honored as follows: General Diagnostic Award from the Canadian Association of Clinical Chemists, 1974; the Medaille d'Honneur from the Academy of Liege, Belgium, 1976; the Senior Investigator Award of Pharmacia, Sweden, 1980. The applications of Dr. Abraham's techniques to a multifariousness of female disorders have brought a notable improvement to the agreement and direction of these disorders.

Twenty-five years ago, Dr. Abraham developed nutritional programs for women with premenstrual tension syndrome and post-menopausal osteoporosis. They are at present the nigh commonly used dietary programs by American obstetricians and gynecologists. Dr. Abraham'south current research interests include the development of assays for the measurement of iodide and the other halides in biological fluids and their applications to the implementation of orthoiodosupplementation in medical exercise.

References

Nyiri W and Jannitti K. "About the fate of gratuitous iodine upon application to the unbroken beast skin. An experimental written report." J Pharmacd Exp Ther, 1932; 45:85-107.
Miller KL, Coen PE, et al. "Effectiveness of pare absorption of tincture of I in blocking radioiodine from the human thyroid gland." Health Physics, 1989; 56:911-914.
Abraham GE. "The concept of orthoiodosupplementation and its clinical implications." The Original Internist, 2004; 11(two):29-38.
Abraham GE. "The safe and effective implementation of orthoiodosupplementation in medical practice." The Original Internist, 2004; eleven(one):17-36.
Abraham GE, Flechas JD, and Hakala JC. "Orthoiodosupplementation: Iodine sufficiency of the whole human torso." The Original Internist, 2002; ix(four):30-41.

Source: https://www.optimox.com/iodine-study-20

Posted by: langlaisalwaskess.blogspot.com